Ôn thi THPT môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Chuyên đề: Quantifiers & agreements - Lượng từ & sự hòa hợp (Có đáp án)
- Lượng từ là một hoặc một tổ hợp từ chỉ số lượng, được sử dụng với các danh từ, động từ, cấu trúc và ngữ cảnh nhất định.
- Lượng từ là một trong những nội dung quan trọng, thường được sử dụng trong các đề kiểm tra, và thường gây khó khăn cho người học tiếng Anh.
- Việc sử dụng một lượng từ cho một ngữ cảnh thường được người học dùng biện pháp dịch nghĩa sang ngôn ngữ bản xứ nên dễ dẫn đến sai, vì lượng từ có nguyên tắc sử dụng.
- Dưới đây là tổng hợp những lượng từ và cách sử dụng chúng. Nội dung này không chỉ phục vụ hoc tieng Anh thông dụng mà còn được sử dụng thường xuyên trong các đề thi Đại học.
I. LƯỢNG TỪ (TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG)
1. Từ chỉ số lượng đi với danh từ số nhiều:
a. Some / any: một vài
I want to buy some new pencils. - Tôi muốn mua vài cây bút chì mới.
There aren’t any chairs in the room. - Không có cái ghế nào ở trong phòng cả.
b. Many: nhiều
There aren't many people living here. - Không có nhiều người sống ở đây.
c. A large number of: số lượng lớn/ rất nhiều
He has a large number of English books. - Anh ta có một số sách tiếng Anh.
d. A great number of: số lượng lớn/ rất nhiều
A great number of students said they were forced to practice the piano. - Rất nhiều học sinh bảo rằng họ bị ép phải luyện piano.
QUANTIFIERS & AGREEMENTS – LƯỢNG TỪ & SỰ HÒA HỢP Lượng từ là một hoặc một tổ hợp từ chỉ số lượng, được sử dụng với các danh từ, động từ, cấu trúc và ngữ cảnh nhất định. Lượng từ là một trong những nội dung quan trọng, thường được sử dụng trong các đề kiểm tra, và thường gây khó khăn cho người học tiếng Anh. Việc sử dụng một lượng từ cho một ngữ cảnh thường được người học dùng biện pháp dịch nghĩa sang ngôn ngữ bản xứ nên dễ dẫn đến sai, vì lượng từ có nguyên tắc sử dụng. Dưới đây là tổng hợp những lượng từ và cách sử dụng chúng. Nội dung này không chỉ phục vụ hoc tieng Anh thông dụng mà còn được sử dụng thường xuyên trong các đề thi Đại học. I. LƯỢNG TỪ (TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG) 1. Từ chỉ số lượng đi với danh từ số nhiều: a. Some / any: một vài I want to buy some new pencils. - Tôi muốn mua vài cây bút chì mới. There aren’t any chairs in the room. - Không có cái ghế nào ở trong phòng cả. b. Many: nhiều There aren't many people living here. - Không có nhiều người sống ở đây. c. A large number of: số lượng lớn/ rất nhiều He has a large number of English books. - Anh ta có một số sách tiếng Anh. d. A great number of: số lượng lớn/ rất nhiều A great number of students said they were forced to practice the piano. - Rất nhiều học sinh bảo rằng họ bị ép phải luyện piano. e. Plenty of: rất nhiều There were plenty of berries. - Có nhiều trái mâm xôi. f. A lot of/ lots of: rất nhiều He has a lot of/lots of friends here. - Anh ta có nhiều bạn ở đây. g. Few/ a few: một vài Few people can say that they always tell the truth. - Rất ít người nói rằng họ luôn luôn nói thật. We've got a little bacon and a few eggs. - Chúng tôi có một ít thịt xông khói và một vài quả trứng. h. Several: vài I've checked it several times. - Tôi đã kiểm tra nó vài lần rồi. 2. Từ chỉ số lượng đi với danh từ đếm được số ít: a. Every: mỗi/ mọi I go for walk every morning. - Tôi đi bộ mỗi sáng. b. Each: mỗi Each day seems to pass very slowly. - Mỗi ngày dường như trôi qua rất chậm. 3. Từ chỉ số lượng đi với danh từ không đếm được: a. Some/ any: một chút/ một ít Would you like some beer? - Bạn có muốn uống bia không? We haven’t got any butter. - Chúng tôi không có tí bơ nào. b. Much: nhiều Does the newspaper have much information? - Tờ báo có nhiều thông tin không? c. A large amount of: nhiều/số lượng lớn He borrowed a large amount of money. - Anh ta đã mượn một số tiền lớn. d. A great deal of: nhiều/rất nhiều A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity. - Máy rửa bát sử dụng rất nhiều điện. e. Plenty of: nhiều/rất nhiều I have plenty of food. - Tôi có nhiều thức ăn. f. A lot of/ Lots of: nhiều/rất nhiều We need a lot of/lots of time to learn a foreign language. - Chúng ta cần nhiều thời gian để học ngoại ngữ. g. Little/ a Little: một chút/ một ít There is little sugar in my coffee. - Có rất ít đường trong cà phê của tôi. Let’s go and have a drink. We have got a little time before the train leaves. - Hãy đi và nhậu thôi. Chúng ta còn một ít thời gian trước khi tàu rời bánh. ***Lưu ý: - some: dùng trong câu khẳng định, câu yêu cầu, lời mời, lời đề nghị. - any: dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn - many, much dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn, câu khảng định chỉ số lượng very, too, so, as - a lot of, plenty of, a great number of, lots of dùng trong câu khẳng định - few, little: (ít, không nhiều): thường có nghĩa phủ định, ít không đủ để dùng, đi sau very/rather - a few/ a little: (một vài, một ít): thường có nghĩa khẳng định, ít đủ để dùng, đi sau just/ only/quite. II. ĐỘNG TỪ SỬ DỤNG SAU TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG a. Số thập phân, phân số, sự đo lường + động từ số ít (chia như với chủ ngữ là ngôi 3 số ít) Three quarters of a ton is too much. - Ba phần tư tấn là quá nhiều. b. All, some, plenty + of + danh từ số ít + động từ số ít (chia như với chủ ngữ là ngôi 3 số ít) Some of the milk was sour. - Một ít sữa đã bị chua. c. Half, part, a lot + of + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều A lot of my friends want to emigrate. - Nhiều người bạn của tôi muốn di cư. d. No + danh từ số ít + động từ số ít (chia như với chủ ngữ là ngôi 3 số ít) No student has finished their assignment. - Không có học sinh nào hoàn thành bài tập. e. No + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều (chia như với chủ ngữ là ngôi 3 số nhiều) No people think alike. - Không có người nào nghĩ giống nhau. f. A number of + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều A number of countries are overproducing goods. - Một số nước đang sản xuất thừa hàng hóa. g. The number of + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số ít The number of visitors increases rapidly. - Lượng du khách tăng nhanh chóng. III. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using “some” or “any”. Some: dùng với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, danh từ không đếm được (+), câu đề nghị Any: dùng với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, danh từ không đếm được (-/?) 01. We didn’t buy_________ flowers. (any) 02. This evening I’m going out with_________ friends of mine. (some) 03. “Have you seen_________ good films recently?”–“No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”. (any) 04. I didn’t have_________ money, so I had to borrow_________. (any/some) 05. Can I have_________ milk in my coffee, please? (some) 06. I was too tired to do_________ work. (any) Exercise 2 Complete the sentences using “plenty (of)” and the followings: “hotels/ money/ room/ things/ to see/ time/ to learn” 01. There’s no need to hurry. There’s___________. (plenty of time) 02. He’s got no financial problems. He’s got___________. (plenty of money) 03. Come and sit with us. There's___________. (plenty of room) 04. She knows a lot, but she still has___________. (plenty to learn) 05. It's an interesting town to visit. There___________. (plenty to see) 06. I'm sure we'll find somewhere to stay. ___________. (plenty of hotels) Exercise 3. Choose the best option among A, B, C, or D provided to complete each of the followings. 01. There is_________ water in the bottle. A. little B. a few C. any D. many 02. I have_________ money, not enough to buy groceries. A. a lot of B. little C. any D. many 03. I have_________ money, enough to buy a ticket. A. a lot of B. little C. many D. a little 04. She has_________ books, not enough for references. A. few B. a few C. many D. little 05. She has_________ books, enough to read. A. many B. few C. a few D. a little 06. There_________ traffic on the street at rush hours. A. are too many B. is too much C. are too a lot D. are too little 07. He bought_________ furniture for her new apartment which she has bought recently. A. many B. few C. much D. a few 08. _________ the people I work with are very friendly. A. Some B. Some of C. A little of D. A few 09. _________ the money is mine. A. Some B. A few of C. Any D. None of 10. We didn’t spend_________ money. A. many B. some C. much D. a few 11. There are_________ people there. A. too many B. too a little C. too much D. too little 12. Do you know_________ people in this neighborhood. A. much B. a little C. many D. little 13. Would you like_________ to eat? A. something B. many thing C. everything D. nothing 14. I can’t find it_________. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. everyplace D. anywhere 15. I like him_________. A. so many B. any much C. so much D. so some 16. We must be quick. There is_________ time left. A. much B. many C. a lot of D. little 17. Let’s go and have a drink we have_________ time left. A. much B. a little of C. a lot D. little 18. There is a telephone in_________ room of the house. A. every B. any C. some D. no 19. You should read_________ sentence carefully. A. every B. some C. many D. a lot of 20. _________ has right to vote. A. Something B. Everyone C. Many people D. Some people 21. Both men_________ interested in this job in the interview yesterday. A. are B. was C. were D. is 22. There are four books on the table. _________ has a different color. A. Every B. Each C. Many D. Some 23. He has two bookstores. One is in Thac Mo. _________ is in Phuoc Binh A. Other B. The others C. Another D. The other 24. _________ restaurant is expensive. A. Some B. Either C. Neither D. Any 25. Did you take_________ photographs when you were on holiday. A. some B. either C. much D. many 26. The news has_________ information. A. much B. many C. some D. any 27. We’ll hurry. We haven’t got_________ time left. A. some B. many C. much D. any 28. I don’t have_________ friends in Ha Noi. A. some B. any C. much D. no 29. We didn’t buy_________ flowers yesterday. A. some B. many C. much D. any 30. There_________ at the door. A. is somebody B. is anybody C. is everybody D. isn’t nobody 31. She went out without_________ money. A. any B. many C. much D. some 32. There are_________ in the hall. A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. some people 33. I’m not hungry. I don’t want_________ to eat. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 34. She didn’t take_________ money with her. A. any B. many C. some D. no 35. Has_________ body seen my bags? A. somebody B. any person C. anybody D. some people 36. Can I have_________ sugar, please. A. any B. some C. much D. little 37. Let me know if you need ______help. A. any B. many C. some D. much 38. Someone has forgotten ________umbrella. A. them B. their C. they D. theirs 39. The house were empty. There is _________living here. A. someone B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 40. I don’t have ________relatives in these strange place. A. any B. some C. a little D. much 41. I’m so hungry. I could eat_________. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. every things 42. The exam was quite difficult. _________ passed. A. Someone B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 43. He has_________ luck. Everything he does, he gains. A. any B. some C. a little D. much 44. We have used_________ energy recently. A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too 45. He spoke_________ English, so it was difficult for him to communicate with people here. A. many B. some C. little D. much 46. The village was small. There was_________ house. A. many B. few C. little D. a few 47. He isn’t very popular. He has_________ friends. A. few B. some C. little D. a few 48. The museum was too crowded. There_________ people there. A. is too much B. are too many C. a few D. few 49. _________ people are friendly. A. some B. some of C. some of those D. some those 50. Both of them_________ students at high school now. A. are B. is C. was D. were 51. _________ restaurants we went to were expensive. A. Neither of B. Neither of the C. None of D. Some of 52. Every seat in the theater last night_________ taken. A. was B. were C. are D. is 53. Everybody_________ at the square yesterday. A. has arrived B. have arrived C. arrived D. arrive 54_________ time I meet you. You look different. A. much B. every C. some D. no 55. _________ was given a book. A. some students B. every students C. each students D. each student 56. I would like to visit_________ country in the world. A. some of B. every C. many D. a lot of 57. In the football match_________ has 11 players. A. each B. every C. two teams D.it 58. The Olympic Games are held_________ four years. A. each B. every C. one D. once 59. Do you need_________? A. a help B. any help C. any helps D. helps 60. That was a very_________ story about the adventures in the tropical forests. A. excitement B. excited C. exciting D. excite 61. The pupils are very_________ because their school has won the basketball championship. A. excitement B. excited C. exciting D. excite 62. _________ should pay more taxes. A. Rich B. The rich C. The riches D. Richer 63. _________ people I know are worried about the environment. A. Most B. The most C. Much D. The much 64. _________ tall you've grown! A. What B. How C. How much D. How many 65. The film was_________ interesting that it could satisfy everybody. A. too B. very C. so D. such 66. My new job is much_________. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. interests 67. They felt happy, and ______ did I. A. either B. neither C. too D. so 68. Peter says he doesn't see_________. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody 69. __________ don't like to read picture-books. A. Some childs B. some of children C. some of the children D. some of the childs 70. It's_________ long time since he last saw his parents. A. such a B. so C. very D. too 71. The audience clapped their hands so_________ that the singer had to sing again. A. many times B. much time C. very much D. much 72. Our seats were_________ far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors and actresses clearly. A. very B. too C. enough D. so 73. I like Dalat. What I like_________ living here is that it's fresh, quiet and beautiful. A. more about B. most about C. more of D. most of 74. _________ players are there in a football team? A. How much B. Many C. Do many D. How many 75. - How_________ does he run a day? - 16 miles. A. much B. far C. long D. fast 76. He can't cook well, and I can't, _________. A. too B. either C. neither D. so 77. The circus shows are_________ exciting that the whole family enjoy them. A. so B. very C. too D. such 78. I haven't had_________ an enjoyable evening for months. A. such B. so C. much D. very 79. She was_________ clever that she could make a dress by hands. A. much B. very C. so D. such 80. Most of the pupils are_________ to pass the examination. A. good enough B. too good C. very good D. good too 81. These piles of books are_________ cleaner than the others. A. as B. very C. so D. much 82. She is_________ an engineer nor an architect. A. nor B. both C. neither D. either 83. That play was_________ for her to see again. A. too interesting B. enough interesting C. interesting enough D. more interesting enough 84. The more we study, the_________ we are. A. more good B. good C. well D. better 85. Mary can't speak French_________. A. Either can Peter B. Neither can't Peter C. Neither can Peter D. Peter can't neither 86. Everyone can_________ in this school activity. A. take off B. take on C. take part D. take 87. _________ we eat, the fatter we become. A. The much B. The more C. Many D. A lot of 88. The lesson_________ for me to understand. A. is very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult too D. is too difficult 89. This exercise is_________ I must finish it as soon as possible. A. very important so B. so important that C. too important that D. enough important that 90. She was_________ she never had time to go out in the evening. A. so busy that B. very busy C. busy enough D. busy so that 91. She didn’t eat __________breakfast. A. much B. many C. some D. any 92. There aren’t_________ large glasses left. A. some B. any C. much D. many 93. I have seen_________ of Minh recently. A. a lot of B. any C. too much D. too many 94. Not_________ Denmark is hilly. A. a lot of B. any of C. much of D. many of 95. You can’t see_________ a country in a week. A. much of B. some of C. a lot of D. many of 96. I won’t pass the exam. I have missed_________ my lessons. A. some of B. much of C. many of D. a lot of 97. He got _______men friends, but he doesn’t know_________ women. A. lots of/ many B. much/ many C. many / many D. many/ much 98. I don’t travel_________ these days. A. much B. some C. a lot D. many 99. _________ strong man has disheartened before such a challenge. A. much a B. Some C. Many a D. Many 100. _________ time is needed to learn a language. A. Any B. Some C. Much D. A lot of 101. _________ us think it’s time for an election. A. Lots of B. Lot of C. Much D. Many 102. _________ cheese is made from cow’s milk. A. Most B. Some C. Much D. More 103. _________ my friends live abroad. A. Many B. Some C. Much D. Most of 104. _________ us thought he was wrong. A. Most of B. Some of C. Much of D. Many a 105. Thank you for bringing me along. I never thought Shakespeare could be so_________ fun. A. many B. much C. few D. some 106. You should say_________ and do_________. A. many / few B. much / little C. few / many D. little / much 107. Very_________ people knew about it. A. few B. less C. much D. little 108. He is a man of_________ words. A. less B. little C. fewer D. few 109. _________ heard about the book, but_________ read it. A. Many / few B. Much / little C. Many / little D. Few / Fewer 110. "Do you know English?" "Just_________." A. much B. many C. little D. less 111. She has very_________ knowledge of the matter. A. few B. little C. some D. many 112. The forces were unequal, they were_________ we were_________ A. many / few B. much / little C. few / much D. little / much 113. We have imported_________ computers this year than last year. A. few B. less C. fewer D. many 114. There has been_________ demand for computers this year than last year. A. few B. little C. fewer D. more 115. _________ in Shanghai than in any other city in China. A. More people live B. More people living C. It has more people D. More living people 116. I've been to the theater_________ of times. A. much B. a little C. most of D. few 117. But_________ of the plays I've seen are modern. A. a few of B. a little C. most D. many 118. When I studied Shakespeare, I thought his plays were_________ boring. A. a great deal of B. few C. much D. many 119. _________ of Shakespeare's plays are about history. A. A few of B. Many C. Much D. A little 120. They spent_________ time studying Victorian literature. A. few B. many C. a large number of D. much 121. _________ popular expressions in our language have interesting background. A. Little B. Many C. A large number D. Much 122. At the beginning everybody spoke English very quickly and I couldn't understand_________. But after_________ days, it is easier and_________ things I had learnt came back to me. A. much / a few / many B. a lot / little / a lot C. much / much / a great number D. many / a few / many 123. Would you like_________ milk? Yes, please. A. few B. any C. some D. much 124. _________ them were at the meeting last night so they didn’t have knowledge about marketing A. neither of B. any of C. many D. a lot of 125. _________ my friends live abroad. A. Neither of B. Any of C. Many D. Most of 126. How_________ money have you got in your pocket? A. a lot of B. any C. many D. much 127. I could speak_________ words of Swedish, but I wasn’t very fluent. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 128. Can you speak French? Just_________. A. a few B. little C. few D. a little 129. Very_________ people were flying because of terrorist activities then. A. few B. a little C. a few D. little 130. He spent_________ of his time on his holidays. A. much B. many C. a lot of D. little Exercise 5. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence Question 01. There wasn't_________ snow last night. A. many B. much C. few D. a large number of Question 02. _________ the students in my class enjoy taking part in social activities. A. Most of B. Most C. Many D. The number of Question 03. He's always busy. He has_________ time to relax. A. much B. little C. a little D. plenty of Question 04. She put so_________ salt in the soup that she couldn't have it. It was too salty. A. many B. little C. much D. a little Question 05. He made too_________ mistakes in his writing. A. a few B. much C. many D. a number of Question 06. How_________ students are there in your class? A. little B. few C. much D. many Question 07. I feel sorry for her. She has_________ friends. A. many B. a few C. few D. a great deal of Question 08. I spent_________ my spare time gardening last year. A. most of B. most C. many of D. a large number of Question 09. He doesn't have so_________ friends as I think. A. much B. a great deal of C. many D. a large number of Question 10. There was so_________ traffic that it took me an hour to get home. A. a lot of B. little C. much D. many Question 11. Learning a language needs_________ patience. A. a few B. much C. many D. little Question 12. _________ the shops in the city center close at 5.30. A. Many B. Much of C. Some D. Most of Question 13. We had a boring holiday. _________ the time we lay on the beach. A. Most B. Much C. Most of D. Many of Question 14. With only_________ hope, Harry didn't know how to keep going another day. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Question 15. How_________ money have you got? A. many B. much C. a lot of D. a great deal of Question 16. There was very_________ food at the party but I didn't eat anything. A. little B. much C. many D. a lot of Question 17. I think_________ you are very tired after your long journey. A. many B. much C. many of D. much of Question 18. We didn't take_________ photographs when we were on holiday. A. much B. a lot of C. many of D. a great deal of Question 19. There isn't_________ shampoo in the bathroom. A. any B. some C. little D. few Question 20. Would you like_________ tea? A. some B. many C. a few D. any Question 21. He had so_________ things to do. A. many B. a lot of C. much D. little Question 22. The mixture looks rather dry. Maybe you should add_________ water. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little Question 23. We're having a big party. We've invited_________ friends. A. a lot of B. much C. many of D. no Question 24. Could I try_________ wine? A. a little B. a few C. little D. Few Question 24. Could I try_________ wine? A. a little B. a few C. little D. Few Question 26. _________ my students are familiar with this kind of school activities. A. Most B. Most of C. A few D. few Question 27. He had spent_________ time writing an essay about his childhood. A. a large number of B. a great deal of C. a few D. many Question 28. Peter has spent_________ time and money on stamp collecting. A. a few of B. many of C. a great deal of D. a large number of Question 28. Peter has spent_________ time and money on stamp collecting. A. a few of B. many of C. a great deal of D. a large number of Question 30. How_________ furniture do you think there is? A. many B. much C. few D. a lot of Question 31. Why don't you take a break? Would you like_________ coffee? A. few B. some C. many D. much Question 32. He drank_________ wine last night and gets sick now. A. too many B. too much C. few of D. a large number of Question 33. Give me_________ examples, please! A. a few B. a little C. few D. little Question 34. Is there_________ water in the glass? A. any B. some C. many D. lots of Question 35. Peter doesn't want_________ to do. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything Question 36. Can you speak French? - Yes, _________. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little Question 37. Thank you very_________ for your help. A. many B. much C. a lot of D. little Question 38. He is very rich. He has_________ money in the bank. A. a great deal of B. many C. a large number of D. few Question 39. She put too_________ sugar in the coffee. It became so sweet that I couldn't drink it. A. many B. much C. few D. little Question 40. I have got_________ homework to do. A. many B. few C. a lot of D. a large number of Question 41. She has talked too_________. A. much B. many C. few D. a great deal Question 42. He made very_________ mistakes. A. much B. many C. little D. a number of Question 43. They know_________ about what to do. A. many B. few C. little D. the number of Question 44. _________ children are ill-prepared for employment. A. Much B. Most C. A little D. Most of Question 45. Would you like_________ champagne to drink? A. some B. few C. a few D. many Question 46. When I studied Shakespeare, I thought his plays were_________ boring. A. many B. much C. few D. a few Question 47. _________ of the students are good today. A. Most B. Much C. A little D. Very Question 48. There were too_________ different nationalities in my class and we had to speak English. A. a lot of B. much C. some D. many Question 49. I don't know_________ about English literature. A. many B. much C. a few D. little Question 50. At the beginning, everybody spoke English very quickly, and I couldn't understand _________, but now things are easier. A. much B. many C. a great deal of D. a lot of Keys: 01. B 06. D 11. B 16. B 21. A 26. B 31. B 36. C 41. A 46. B 02. A 07. C 12. D 17. C 22. C 27. B 32. B 37. B 42. B 47. A 03. B 08. A 13. C 18. B 23. A 28. C 33. A 38. A 43. C 48. D 04. C 09. C 14. A 19. A 24. A 29. C 34. A 39. B 44. B 49. B 05. C 10. C 15. B 20. A 25. A 30. B 35. B 40. C 45. A 50. A _________HẾT__________
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